미육군 Green Beret에서 복무한 바 있는 Michael Yon이 자신의 블로그에 공개한 신비로운 사진. 그는 “Good Morning America,” The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, CNN, ABC, FOX,등에서 자신의 사진을 발표하고 있습니다. 어둠속에서 먼지를 일으키자 티타늄 및 니켈로 만들어진 로터 블레이드가 마찰하면서 정전기를 일으키며 헤일로(Halo)를 일으키는 장면이라고 합니다 Michael Yon은 이 현상을 "Kopp-Etchells Effect"라고 명명했는데 전장에서 사망한 두 명의 병사 이름을 기리는 의미에서 붙였다고 합니다. 헤일로(Halo)는 한자어로 후광이라는 뜻이고 순우리말로는 무리라고 합니다. 또한 천문학 용어로 수많은 밝은 빛의 모임으로 인하여 매우 밝은 빛을 내는 덩어리가 되었을때 보통 은하 헤일로 라고 하며, 작게는 항성에 가려진 천체주변에 나오는 빛이 고리가 되어 보이는 것도 헤일로 또는 무리 라고 합니다. 사람에게 쓰일때는 후광효과, 헤일로 효과라고 하는데, 예를들어 어떠한 사람의 외모가 뛰어나면, 다른 모든능력도 뛰어나리라는 짐작을 하게 되는 효과를 의미합니다. 기자의 블로그에서 가져온 사진과 기사 내용들입니다. 17 August 2009 The roads are so littered with enemy bombs that nearly all transport and resupply to this base occurs by helicopter. The pilots roar through the darkness, swoop into small bases nestled in the saddle of enemy territory, and quickly rumble off into the night. A witness must spend onl y a short time in the darkness to know we are at war. Flares arc into the night, or mortar illumination rounds drift and swing under parachutes, orange and eerily in the distance, casting long, flickering but sharply defined shadows. The worst that can happen is that you will be caught in an open field, covered by nothing and concealed onl y by darkness, when the illumination suddenly bathes you in light. Best is to stay low and freeze and prepare to fire, or in the case of a writer, to stay low and freeze and prepare to watch the firing. Explosions from unknown causes rumble through the cool nights while above drifts the Milky Way, punctuated by more shooting stars than one can remember. The Afghanistan nights will grant a wish to wish upon a shooting star. And while waiting for the next meteor, the eyes are likely to catch tracer bullets. A CH-47 helicopter whirls in with a “sling load” of resupplies from Camp Bastion to FOB Jackson in Sangin. The pilot comes in fast, to the dark landing zone, lighted onl y by “Cyalumes,” which Americans call “Chemlights.” The sensitive camera and finely engineered glass make the dark landing zone appear far lighter. The apparent brightness of the small Cyalumes provides reference. A show begins as the helicopter descends under its halo. The charged helicopter descends into its own dust storm. Gently releasing the sling load. The pilot hovers away from the load, pivots and begins to land. The dust storm ripples and flaps over the medical tents. Heat causes the engines to glow orange. Dust begins to clear even before landing. The helicopter, under its own halo, casts a moon shadow. The halo often disappears when the helicopter ramp touches the ground. Again, the conditions are quite dark, but the excellent camera gear has tiger vision. The British medical staff treats many wounded Afghans who often show up at the gate. In the photo above, Dr. Rhiannon Dart (right) observes as an Afghan patient is medically evacuated to the trauma center at Camp Bastion. The medics and Dr. Dart are especially respected for the risks they equally share here. The medical staff walks into combat just like the other soldiersR12;frequently side by side in close combat. Numerous times per week, their battlefield work, often under intense pressure in hot and filthy conditions, is the deciding factor on whether soldiers or civilians survive or die. I asked Dr. Dart if Afghan men have any reservations when being treated by a woman. She answered that when men are seriously woundedR12;which is about the onl y time she sees Afghans as patientsR12;they don’t care if she is a man or a woman. During a mision last week, I saw an Afghan soldier walk by with a bandage on his hand. Dr. Dart stopped the soldier, asking him to remove the bandage. Contrary to harboring reservations, the soldier appeared relieved that she wantedR12;actually sort of politely demandedR12;to examine his injury. The ramp lifts in preparation for takeoff and the halo begins to rematerialize before the helicopter lifts into the darkness and disappears. Soldiers call the medevac flights to Camp Bastion, “Nightingales” or “Nightingale flights.” Shortly after sunrise on the morning of 13 August, an element from this unit was ambushed nearby, killing three and wounding two others. Despite the immediate danger, the helicopter came straight ont o the battlefield. After the initial ambush, and another successful ambush during the evacuation, the British soldiers did not return to base but continued with the mision. Later that evening they were twice ambushed again, sustaining more fatalities as two interpreters were killed. Soldiers asked me to go on that mision but I was busy assembling this dispatch. One of the killed soldiers, shortly before the mision, had looked over my shoulder as I selected the photos. Captain Mark Hale was killed while aiding a wounded soldier. Mark had particularly liked the next three images: Night after night, helicopters keep coming. Last month a civilian resupply helicopter had tried to land at this exact spot but was shot down on final approach. Two children on the ground and all persons aboard were killed. The helicopter crews earn much respect. Sometimes the halos appear like distant galaxies. In motion, the halos spark, glitter and veritably crackle, but in still photos the halos appear more like intricate orbital bands. Perhaps like the rings of Saturn. The halos usually disappear as the rotors change pitch, dust diminishes and the ramp touches the ground. On some nights, on this very same landing zone, no halos form. Note: By request of the British Army, a handful of these photos were slightly altered to obscure base security measures. The alterations are limited to minimal parts of several photos. On another night, the helicopters return. The camera is jostled, accidentally creating a double image. Note: Most photos, such as this one , are unaltered other than normal 'black room' processing. They keep coming. What is this halo phenomenon called? None of the American or British helicopter pilots seemed to have a name for the effect. They provide onl y descirptions and circumscirptions. I asked many people, and finally reached out to Command Sergeant Major Jeff Mellinger (one of my “break glass onl y if” sources whom I ask when other means have failed). Jeff asked pilots, and came back with an excellent descirption from one pilot: "Basically it is a result of static electricity created by friction as materials of dissimilar material strike against each other. In this case titanium/nickel blades moving through the air and dust. It occurs on the ground as well, but you don't usually see it as much unless the aircraft is landing or taking off. The most common time is when fuel is being pumped. When large tankers are being fueled they must be grounded to prevent static electricity from discharging and creating explosions." But still no name. How can the helicopter halos, so majestic and indeed dangerous at times, be devoid of a fitting name? A phenomenon in need of a name. Mark Hale had liked this image and the next. I spent two weeks searching for a fitting handle but all attempts came to naught. The halos are different every night. Some nights they are intense, other nights dim, but often there are no halos. There are explosions and fighting every day and night. Under the moon. This time exposure shows where the pilot briefly hovered before dropping in. Our casualties in this war reached an all-time peak in July 2009 and the heaviest fighting was here in Helmand Province. On 10 July, elsewhere in Helmand, some of America’s finest soldiers were hunting down Taliban.
While waiting for a helicopter to land, there was activity on the perimeter, and then an unseen hand fired a flare so that we could see who was out there.
사진들은 아프가니스탄 Sangin기지에 물자를 수송하는 CH-47 Chinook 헬기의 로터가
Sangin, Afghanistan
프로펠러 출력에 의해서 땅에 있는 작은 돌같은게 튀어올라 마찰에 의해서
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